Diagnose

MITRALKLAPPENERKRANKUNGEN

Mitralklappeninsuffizienz (MI) macht die überwiegende Mehrheit aller Mitralklappenerkrankungen aus.¹ Sie hat eine Prävalenz von etwa 2 % in der Allgemeinbevölkerung und tritt häufiger bei älteren Menschen auf.³ Etwa 10 % der Menschen über 70 sind von einer klinisch bedeutsamen MI betroffen.⁵

Unbehandelt kann MI zu Herzinsuffizienz (HI) oder einer Verschlechterung einer bereits bestehenden Herzinsuffizienz führen, was zu einer erhöhten Zahl von Hospitalisierungen und einer erheblichen Kostenbelastung für die Gesundheitssysteme führt.^6,8

Die MI ist eine fortschreitende Erkrankung, und Patienten können selbst bei schwerem Verlauf symptomlos bleiben, da sich kompensatorische Mechanismen entwickeln.¹¹ In einigen Fällen können die folgenden Symptome auftreten:^9,10,18

ECHOKARDIOGRAPHIE ist die Grundlage für die Diagnose der Herzklappenerkrankung, einschließlich MI.¹⁶

KARDIALE MAGNETRESONANZ ist ein wertvolles Diagnoseinstrument, insbesondere bei Patienten mit eingeschränkter Echoqualität, bei Patienten, deren MI-Schweregrad unklar ist, oder bei Patienten, die eine Beurteilung der myokardialen Verankerung der Atrioventrikularklappen benötigen.²⁰

COMPUTERTOMOGRAPHIE (CT) liefert ein detailliertes Bild der Klappenanatomie, insbesondere der systolischen und diastolischen Ventrikelgeometrie. Diese Informationen können für die Planung eines kathetergestützten Eingriffs wertvoll sein.²⁰

Der diagnostische Weg der MI hat sich in den letzten Jahren geändert, um den neuen Behandlungsmöglichkeiten im Hinblick auf Transkathetereingriffe gerecht zu werden. Neben der Bewertung klinischer Symptome wie Übelkeit und Müdigkeit ist die Auskultation des Herzens der Schlüssel zur Diagnose der MI, und eine detaillierte präoperative Charakterisierung der Mitralklappe ist der Schlüssel zum Erfolg des Eingriffs.²⁰

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Entdecken Sie aufstrebende und etablierte Informationen zu Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen und Technologien zur Schlaganfallprävention.

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